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Mold and mildew are the things in basements that actually cause the musty odors, but moisture is the underlying issue that causes mold and mildew growth. Addressing moisture and water problems and then removing materials that are moldy are some of the best ways to get rid of the musty odors. Preventive measures after that—like installing air fresheners and a dehumidifier—can help keep musty odors from returning.

A vapor barrier keeps moisture out of the crawl space, while insulation reduces the amount of unconditioned air—and sometimes moisture—that enters the space. Coupling a vapor barrier with insulation can help prevent humidity and related moisture damage in a crawl space while also making your home more energy-efficient. Just be sure to use insulation that won’t get damaged from moisture, like rigid foam board or expanding spray foam insulation.

No, your basement dehumidifier doesn’t need to be on 24/7. While it’s an excellent tool for tackling damp, musty air, especially in humid seasons, leaving it running nonstop can backfire. Over-drying the space can mess with your sinuses, warp wood, and even crack certain materials. Instead, only use your humidifier when moisture levels rise above 50%, and then give it a break when the humidity levels drop.

In most cases, it is safe to live in a home with minor foundation problems, but you should not let the issues persist. Virtually all foundations have small cracks from normal settlement, which are not a structural concern but should be sealed to prevent water intrusion. However, major damage—such as large structural cracks, sinking foundations, or bulging walls—can make a home unsafe. Other issues that can pose safety and health risks include poor indoor air quality from mold or pests, uneven floors, and rotten beams or joists. It is always best to have a foundation repair expert or structural engineer inspect any issues to determine if your home is safe to live in.