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If you’re just replacing a few broken or damaged joists, you can expect to pay anywhere from $100 to $300 per joist. However, a complete installation for a home or room will take into account the cost of labor, which ranges from $25 to $40 per hour. Floor joist installation for an entire room, for example, can cost between $5,000 and $10,000, depending on the room's size and the materials used.

Yes, you can find ceiling joists using simple tools if a stud finder isn't available.

Using a hammer requires patience and a keen ear. Gently tap the ceiling in a grid pattern, listening for sound changes. A hollow sound indicates space between joists, while a solid, dull thud suggests a joist. Mark the location with a pencil and confirm by tapping from different angles.

Alternatively, you can use a nail, but this method will leave small holes. You'll feel increased resistance when the nail hits a joist. Mark the spot and repeat the process every 16 or 24 inches to map the joist locations. This method is considered less reliable than using a stud finder.

Before hiring a carpenter, the most important thing is to make sure they are properly qualified and insured for the job. It’s more than reasonable to ask your prospective carpenter for customer references, as well as about their licensing and insurance. You should also consider choosing a carpenter that specializes in your specific project area to ensure high-quality results. 

Whether or not it’s easier to cut wood when it’s wet versus dry depends largely on the type of tool you use and the wood you’re cutting. For example, a chain saw should still be able to cut through wet wood with relative ease, but it may be more difficult to maneuver due to the wood fibers sticking to the chains of the saw. 

However, you might want to avoid cutting wood entirely when it’s wet if you’re pruning your tree. Sawing a wet tree that you don’t plan on removing can also encourage bacterial and fungal growth and decay.