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The best way to remove lead paint is by wet hand sanding and removing all dust and residue with a HEPA vacuum. Professionals may also strip and scrape lead-based paint with a paint scraper. In some cases, you may choose to have a pro encapsulate or enclose your lead-based paint surface by covering it with a sealant or a new material. You may also choose to replace the material altogether.

You may see specialty products for sale to remove lead dust, such as D-Lead surface wipes. But you do not need to buy a special cleaner just for lead dust. A regular all-purpose cleaner, like 409 or something similar, is sufficient for cleanup. Just make sure to follow the manufacturer's directions when using it and to dilute with water.

According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), hazardous waste is generally classified into four main categories:

1. Characteristic Wastes: These exhibit at least one of four hazardous traits: ignitability (flammable, like gasoline), corrosivity (can rust or decompose materials, like car batteries), reactivity (unstable and can explode, like aerosol cans), or toxicity (harmful when ingested, like lead-based paint).

2. Listed Wastes: These are specific wastes from manufacturing and industrial processes that the EPA has officially designated as hazardous. They include byproducts from processes that use solvents, pesticides, and other chemicals.

3. Universal Wastes: These are commonly generated hazardous items that are subject to streamlined regulations. Examples include batteries, pesticides, mercury-containing equipment (e.g., bulbs), and some lamps.

4. Mixed Wastes: This category includes waste that contains both hazardous and radioactive components, making it subject to regulation by both the EPA and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

You do not have to remove lead paint if the surface is not chipping or peeling or if there are no pregnant people or children under the age of six who live in or regularly visit your home. Lead paint is a particular risk for young children whose brains and bodies are not fully developed. Experts strongly recommend that you call a pro to remove lead paint if it’s peeling or flaking, no matter who lives in the home. You can experience lead poisoning by breathing in or ingesting just a small amount of it.