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The primary reason homes have crawl spaces is so the foundation can reach down below the frost line to avoid dangerous soil movement and structural damage when the ground freezes. They’re more popular in colder climates where the ground freezes down to a few feet, and slabs are most popular in warmer areas where there is no frost line. Crawl spaces also provide a space for utility lines to run where they’re at less of a risk of freezing.

Yes, crawl spaces can attract bugs, especially since moisture tends to build up in the space, and moisture attracts pests. A good way to prevent pest infestation in your crawl space is to install a vapor barrier—called crawl space encapsulation—on the interior to seal the space, along with a French drain or some other kind of foundation drainage system outside to keep runoff out of your crawl space. You can also seal foundation cracks and repair damages to cut off access to pests.

Water leakage through window openings is much more common in older homes, but it can also create issues with window frames that are improperly installed. If left unattended, water buildup can cause damage to surrounding fixtures, lead to harmful mold, and compromise the architectural integrity of your home. The potential damage that a water leak poses makes investing in weather- and water-proofing your window frames entirely worthwhile.

As the first layer of water protection for your roof deck and the building materials below, underlayment is designed to prevent water damage, so it’s okay if it gets wet. However, you shouldn’t rely solely on underlayment for protection. If rain interrupts your roof project and you have all of the underlayment down, you’ll likely be fine, but you should install shingles over that layer as soon as possible, as long-term exposure can lead to water damage.