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Generally, it is not necessary to remove old mulch before applying a new layer. As organic mulch breaks down, it enriches the soil with nutrients. However, you should remove the old layer if it shows signs of fungus or disease, which can be common in moist areas, or if the total depth is already too thick. Avoid letting the total mulch depth exceed 3 inches, as this can harm plant roots. If you do remove old, disease-free mulch, it can be added to a compost pile.

Clearing 1 acre of land takes anywhere from two to 12 hours for a professional team, depending on what they’re removing. The amount of time needed to complete the project depends on the size of your acreage, the land’s condition, the size of the crew completing the work, and what type of equipment they’re using. Smaller projects normally take a few hours, while larger projects may require one or two full workdays.

Land clearing costs an average of $3,743, but prices can range anywhere from $400 to $15,000, depending on the size of the land you need cleared, how dense the coverage is, and what needs to be removed. Expect prices toward the lower end if your professional just needs to mulch some plants and shrubs on a small patch of land, and expect prices to move toward the higher end for things like taking down a large number of trees and removing landscaping boulders.

It’s unlikely your leaves are a hazard, especially if you get to them while they’re dry. However, a couple of rare risks exist. University studies suggest that decaying leaves can produce organochlorines, toxic pollutants similar to man-made PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), so avoid keeping them in an enclosed area.

Also, leaves and compost may cause the growth of fungi that can cause diseases like histoplasmosis and aspergillosis, as well as mold spores that are unhealthy for human lungs. Again, severe issues are rare, but those with compromised immune systems or allergies to mold should wear face masks when directly handling leaves.