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There are three layers of wastewater in a septic tank: scum (solid waste that floats to the top of the wastewater), liquid (the relatively clean liquid wastewater in between the two other layers), and sludge (solid waste that falls to the bottom of the wastewater). The buildup of sludge is one of the main reasons septic tanks need to be pumped. If the tank is more than 1/3 of the way full with a combination of sludge and scum, it’s time to call a pro for pumping.

It only takes a few days for a septic tank to fill with water after a pro has pumped it. This is completely normal, and the water is a vital part of your septic system’s wastewater treatment process. The water that fills your tank days after pumping is not the same as the tank being filled with waste. You shouldn’t have to pump your septic system more than once every three to five years unless you have a tank that’s too small for your home’s water output or there’s a problem with your leach field. 

Natural bacteria break down sludge in a septic tank by dissolving and consuming the solid waste. Your septic tank needs this bacteria to work correctly and avoid filling beyond capacity. You can increase the natural bacteria in your septic tank by adding three rotten tomatoes through your garbage disposal every three months.

When septic systems begin to fail, your waste will start to seep into the groundwater. You may notice a foul odor (it’ll smell like sewage) or a squishy, moist lawn. The grass right over your tank or drain field might grow super lush and green because your waste actually fertilizes it. Other signs include standing water in your drain field, slow-draining sinks and tubs, and gurgling noises in the plumbing.