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It is generally safe to stay in a house that smells like sewage for a short time, but you should get the problem fixed as soon as possible. While the level of sewer gas is usually low enough to only cause minor symptoms, prolonged inhalation can lead to headaches, nausea, or respiratory irritation. High levels of gas exposure can be more dangerous, and high concentrations of methane—a component of sewer gas—can pose an explosion risk in enclosed spaces. If you smell sewer gas in your home, ventilate the area and call a professional to locate, assess, and fix the problem, as it will not go away on its own.

A two-way cleanout can help if there’s already a clog, but the best strategy to prevent one is by not rinsing grease, oil, or fat down your drains, not flushing or rinsing coffee grounds or egg shells down your drains, flushing only human waste and toilet paper (so no diapers, period products, bathroom wipes, or paper towels), and using drain guards on all of your drains.

Recognizing signs of a failing septic system is crucial to prevent costly damage and health hazards. Foul odors in and around your home, slow drainage in sinks and toilets, or gurgling noises in plumbing fixtures can indicate problems with drainage. Lush, green patches of grass near the drain field or wastewater pooling on the ground are alarming signs that may indicate a leak in the system. If you notice any of these symptoms, it's vital to address them promptly to avoid more extensive and expensive issues.

If you’re not using a septic system, problems with your home’s plumbing won’t cause this—it’s a city problem. A large blockage in the municipal sewage lines may cause those lines to back up into your home. This is extremely unpleasant and can be a serious health risk due to bacteria and other contaminants. If this occurs, call a pro (or your city) immediately.