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Most carpet cleaning solutions are safe to use in the home. However, to avoid irritation and health issues you can look for a neutral, mild detergent, especially one that’s marked as nontoxic or eco friendly. When in doubt, always check out the ingredient list. Some cleaning options only use steam heat to clean with little or no detergent, which could be an option if you’re worried. 

If the chemical compounds that make up pet pee haven’t been properly neutralized, the smell of urine can be reactivated with water and linger even after cleaning. You may also notice a remaining pee smell in carpets if the urine has soaked down to the carpet padding, which is more difficult to access and clean than the carpet itself.

To remove pet urine stains and odors from a microfiber couch, first blot the area to absorb as much liquid as possible. Then, generously cover the spot with baking soda and let it sit for a few hours to absorb the odor before vacuuming it up.

For cleaning the stain itself, you can use a commercial urine stain and odor removal spray—be sure to follow the product's instructions.

Alternatively, you can use a DIY solution based on your couch's cleaning code:

• For 'S' code couches: Lightly spritz the stain with rubbing alcohol and gently scrub with a microfiber cloth.

• For 'W' or 'S-W' code couches: Use a mixture of one cup of vinegar and one cup of rubbing alcohol, spritzing and scrubbing the area gently.

Yes, steam cleaning can be an effective way to clean a couch, but whether it's recommended depends on the upholstery material. It is possible to steam clean some couches, particularly those made of durable fabrics like cotton or polyester. However, not all materials handle heat and moisture well; delicate fabrics such as silk and rayon should only be dry-cleaned to avoid damage.

Before you begin, always double-check your couch manufacturer’s cleaning recommendations. If steam cleaning is appropriate for your couch, opt for a gentle steam cleaner designed for fabric rather than a bulky carpet cleaner, and use the gentlest setting to prevent damage to the fabric and foam padding. Like with carpets, you may need to pretreat and spot-clean tougher stains.

While effective, steam cleaners can be expensive to buy or rent. If you are unsure about the material or the process, it's best to call a professional upholstery cleaning service to avoid causing damage.