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A floating concrete slab is considered a footing since it distributes the weight of the structure to the soil, but not all concrete slabs are considered footings. For example, a T-shaped slab includes separate footings below the slab that support the concrete above and push the load further down into the ground. In that case, the slab would not be considered a footing.

Concrete should be at least 4 inches thick for steps. This thickness boosts stability and prevents cracking and deterioration. After you’ve built your forms out of wood, fill the void with a sand or gravel base for concrete. Use an all-purpose concrete mix to form your steps. After pouring your concrete steps, be sure to screed and float the concrete. 

You should water new concrete by spraying it five to 10 times per day for the first seven days. This process of moist curing allows the concrete to become as strong as possible to prevent cracks and weak concrete. Moist-cured concrete is 50% stronger than concrete that was not sprayed with water during the first week. The only exception is if you pour concrete in the winter. Then, spraying with water is not recommended.

Yes, asphalt is less expensive than concrete. Asphalt prices range between $7 and $15 per square foot, whereas concrete costs $3 to $18 per square foot. When considering asphalt versus concrete driveways, you’ll want to weigh more than just the costs. While concrete costs more, it costs less to maintain. On the other hand, asphalt has the advantages of a quick installation and shorter drying time.