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Professional lead-paint abatement companies use a variety of methods to remove lead-based paint, depending on each particular situation. Some of the most common methods include:

• Total removal: $8–$17 per square foot

• Demolition and replacement: $1,000–$15,000 per project

• Encapsulation: $4 per square foot

• Enclosure: $10 per square foot

• Chemical stripping: $10–$17 per square foot

While not all homes built before 1978 contain lead paint, enough do, so you’ll still want to test to be on the safe side. The federal government banned lead-based paint for homes in 1978, but your state may have banned lead before that time. Around 24% of homes built between 1960 and 1977 contained lead-based paint, while 87% of homes built before 1940 contained lead-based paint.

You can apply waterproofing over paint, but you won't get as much protection as you would if you painted the surface with a waterproof paint from the get-go. Not all waterproofing methods are compatible with painted surfaces, and they may not adhere well. This is especially true if the paint is glossy, old, or flaking. Waterproofing sealers are primarily meant to be applied to porous surfaces, like concrete, wood, or brick. 

To fix bubbling paint, scrape away any loose or blistered areas using a putty knife. Lightly sand the surface to smooth out rough edges and create a level finish. Clean the area thoroughly to remove dust, dirt, and any residue. Once the surface is clean and dry, apply a quality primer suited to the material you're painting. Finally, repaint the area, making sure to work in proper temperature and humidity conditions to prevent new bubbles from forming.