About Our Company Brackmann Construction is a full-service contractor specializing in Remodeling and Historic Renovation. Our company emphasis is on satisfying the unique demands of our customers. We work one-on-one with the client while satisfying all of their requirements. With 20 years of experience in high quality construction, Brackmann Construction is one of the premier Remodeling and Restoration contractors in the Kansas City area. From small service work to large commercial projects, we set the standard in professional skill, experience and efficiency.
Business highlights
34 years of trusted experience
Emergency Services Offered
Services we offer
Residential & Commercial Building Restoration From Fire, Water, & Other Natural Disasters, Contents Cleaning & Storage, Historic Renovation, Remodeling, Structural Shoring, Building Board Up, Roof Coverings, Temporary Electrical Services, Temporary Heat, Security Fencing, Deodorization, Dehumidification, Water Extraction, Emergency Clothing Cleaning, Lead Removal.
The finished product looks great! They were able to use the siding from around and under the picture window to install around the new double window in the living room The electrical gave them a little trouble being on older home, however they figured it out and it only put the project back one day. They put new wall board around the double window and left it paint ready as we asked. The same was done with the kitchen walls. They also replaced dark wood around the kitchen windows with oak the match the cabinets. We are very happy with the work and it looks great! Bill was on top of the project from beginning to finish. He was available to answer and ask questions during the entire project.
Description of Work: They removed a door in our living room and replaced it with a double window to match the one across the room, then they replaced a picture window in our kitchen with French doors. They also rewired for the required lighting and outlets. We also had them paint the ceilings in the kitchen, living room and dining room. We had them replace dark old window trim with oak.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
3.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$12,000
Response from Brackmann Construction Inc
Thank you for taking the time to write a review for us. We always enjoy hearing that our customers are happy when we are finished.
GARY W B.
07/2014
5.0
remodeling
+ -1 more
We started with what we believed to be the best two qualified bidders in our area. Brackmann Const. Co. was not only the lowest bidder, but also the best qualified bidder for the work. Once we accepted his proposal, Bill worked with us in the design and helped us with his own ideas that really made this project so successful. He also installed custom lighting in the library wall with a rolling ladders that was incredible! His team which included his project manager, Roger Rumans, and his skilled team did a great job! It only took a week to install after planning, ordering and managing every aspect of this project. The new fans in the bathroom really perform, the new backdoor with the interior sliding blinds are awesome and the new custom cabinet in the closet really added value to the home. Bill took our dream and it happen! He did happy! He did WOW! Looking forward to working with Bill and his team again when we finish the downstairs basement!
Description of Work: Design custom built library wall, install matching wood floor, replace two existing builders exhaust fans, replace builders rear frame and back door, install shower curtain rod in hall bath, design custom closet cabinet with new second shelf above new cabinet.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
5.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$23,000
Response from Brackmann Construction Inc
Thank you for taking your time to write such a nice review. We always enjoy hearing how happy our clients are when we are finished. We look forward to working with you again in the future.
Dennis R.
07/2014
5.0
remodeling, home remodeling
+ 0 more
They did a great job. They were always on time, professional and worked hard. I was very satisfied with the outcome.
Description of Work: We had a fire and they did a complete remodel, everything except for the kitchen.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
4.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
Response from Brackmann Construction Inc
It is always nice to hear from past clients. We appreciate you taking the time to write a review about the work we did on your home and how happy you were.
Patricia L.
07/2014
5.0
ceramic tile, countertops, doors, remodeling, interior painters, home remodeling
+ 4 more
When I contacted Brackmann Construction I spoke with Mr. Brackmann directly and he explained how he did his bid work. He came to my house within a few days and gave me an "estimate" which he explained is a breakdown of everything I wanted done. The material and labor cost would only change if I made changes or upgraded from what he quoted. His bid was very on target. He was very patient when I contacted him to make a change which I did more than once. I was introduced to MY project manager and his crew. All of his employees were very polite, friendly. and professional. I was impressed with their expertise and attention to detail. The 3 week remodel was made more pleasant because of the great people working for Brackmann Construction I"m glad I chose Brackmann Construction for my remodel.
Description of Work: Remodeled kitchen, new cabinets, counter tops, backsplash, painted and updated the living room with crown molding and replaced all the doors.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
5.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$35,000
Response from Brackmann Construction Inc
Thank you for taking the time to write a review about our company. It is always nice to hear how happy our clients are when the job is finished.
Lachelle P.
06/2014
1.0
remodeling
+ -1 more
I looked to Angie's list for a good contractor and Brackman Construction Inc. had good ratings and I felt confident in the comments I was reading. We called and talked with Connie about the type of worked that needed to be done and that we were having some issues with other contractors not calling back. She assured me that Jeff Zaminski would call with in the next two days. It has been over a month and no one has called.
Description of Work: I had a water damage in my personal business and was not happy with the construction division of the dry-out company I used.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
professionalism
1.0
responsiveness
1.0
punctuality
1.0
$5,000
Response from Brackmann Construction Inc
[member name removed], I am Bill Brackmann owner of Brackmann Construction, Inc. and I must apologize to you but we have no record of ever having heard from you. Connie and Jeff do work here and they are conscientious employees. We have a system of tracking all incoming calls and at a minimum I would expect to find you listed in at least one or two places if we dropped the ball totally. Our Policy is to call prospective customers back within 24 hours or the next business day unless it is an emergency. In any case I must assume, if you called the office, it was one time and did not call back to alert us that we had not responded. Although you having to call again would disappoint me, you’re waiting 6 weeks to file this report is really curious to me. We do have one insurance carrier that refers their insured’s to my company and has my cell phone number prominently listed. In spite of repeated request to remove it they have not. When I receive those calls I ask that the insured call the office as generally I am out in the field. I always tell the caller to speak with Connie and that Jeff handles my insurance estimating. If you got my cell number from your insurance carrier and you got their names from me and you did not call the office at all, that would explain why no one ever responded. I would be happy to discuss this with you, so if you would, call the office and ask for Bill.
Carol D.
05/2014
5.0
home remodeling
+ -1 more
Bill has worked off and on for me for 16 years. His company does it all, big or small. Now getting ready to work on my sons first home. I would never use anyone else for work in my home. Stands behind his work and his word is his trait. Best contractor and crew I have ever worked with, and I have lived all over the country. He is the BEST!
Description of Work: Remodeled my kitchen.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
5.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
Response from Brackmann Construction Inc
Thank you for taking the time to write a review for our company. We have enjoyed working with you over the past years and look forward to working with your son on his first home.
Renee S.
05/2014
2.0
remodeling
+ -1 more
Mr. Brackman came out to evaluate the work we wanted done. We wanted our master bathroom remodeled, as well as some painting in the master bedroom and some new ceiling lights and ceiling painting in our living room. We had already found items we wanted to purchase beforehand and did our research regarding what products cost. We did want some high-end products, such as a Moen spa shower and a spa tub, as well as looked into what tile and lights we wanted. When Mr. Brackman came for the initial visit to assess the rooms, we told him of our preferences, and he assured us that he had contractor agreements at some places and could get a better price on some items. One week later we received his bid, and we were absolutely shocked at the cost he quoted us: $64,916.00!!!!!!!! The Moen shower we found at a local plumbing supply place would have cost us approximately $3200, he quoted the same item for $5,846.00. The recessed lighting we wanted from a big box store would have cost us $50.00 each. He was charging us $196.00 each. The bid went on and on like that. Needless to say, we were shocked by the price and did not have our work done by Mr. Brackman.
Description of Work: He provided us a bid for a master bath remodel. He did not perform any work.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
value
1.0
professionalism
3.0
$65,000
Response from Brackmann Construction Inc
I would like to take this opportunity to respond to your review. I, Bill Brackmann, did come out to your home to visit with you about your remodeling projects. We met in early March and I gave you an estimate for the master bathroom, master closet, master bedroom and the hearth room. I am truly shocked that after this length of time, I have the opportunity to read of your displeasure here. I generally receive a phone call or reply e-mail from customers, if they feel I have misunderstood their projects parameters. In the bedroom, bathroom, closet and hearth room we were removing the existing popcorn texture, adding lighting, finishing the plaster work to create smooth ceilings as well as the little painting you refer to. I chose the LED fixtures represented in my estimate because the hearth room has a 12’ ceiling and I did not want to install lesser fixtures and run the risk of your having to deal with getting up that high for maintenance or bulb replacement for years to come. I can assure you I have never seen these fixtures in a big box store and they cost far more than the $ 50.00 lights you have found. It is rare when I leave a customer’s home after the first meeting with anywhere near the 57 pages of information that you provided me. You did indicate any number of high end items, bath tub, bath fixtures, tile, shower door unit, self-closing door hardware and wall modifications, not the least of which is the Moen digital shower/spa system. I have no doubt you found that set up for $ 3,200.00 at a plumbing supply house or on line, my pricing on everything includes demolition, material, installation labor and any ancillary items required for the installation. The difference in the two numbers you site includes all of the removal of the existing shower faucet plus the installation of the new unit including the body sprays, digital control unit, remote and the shower head itself. ( we were to install all of this around an existing HVAC duct that cannot be removed) Your tile selection is a honed Onyx tile set in a complicated pattern with a fairly pronounced feature tile interspersed. You had photos and mentioned that you were duplicating a master bathroom that you had in your Chicago home and wanted it to match very closely. I put everything in this estimate that I felt was required to give you the finished product that I thought you were looking for. I apologize for the fact that I obviously made you mad with my attempt. The master bathroom was approximately $ 49,000.00 of the total estimate, but it was nowhere near the full $ 64,000.00 estimate. Again I apologize for misunderstanding the project you wanted. Since my paper work indicates that you were referred to me by a friend (co-worker), if you would share their name with me I feel I should apologize to them as well. Direct customer referrals are very important to me and I want to let them know I appreciate it and don’t feel good about how this ended up.
deborah L.
04/2014
5.0
doors, remodeling
+ 0 more
They did a really good job and they were really prompt. They were easy to deal with and i will hire them again. No issues. They even cleaned up after they were done.
Description of Work: They put in our new door. We had a leaky roof and they repaired the damage on the walls of the ceiling.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
5.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
Robin B.
03/2014
5.0
decks, home remodeling
+ 0 more
He was little higher priced and so I ended up going with somebody else. They came out for a quote. When he came in he did a sketch on a yellow pad rather than a clean nice computer model of what the work would have looked like. He had his idea on the yellow pad and it was hard for me to get my head around.
Description of Work: I had a quote from Brackmann Construction Inc for kitchen, bathroom and deck remodeling.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
value
4.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$80,000
Rick G.
02/2014
5.0
drywall, remodeling, home remodeling, siding
+ 2 more
All went well. Very professional and addressed all of our needs. Structure repairs, bath remodel, kitchen remodel, tuck pointing, siding repair, drywall work. Will use again and highly recommend.
Description of Work: Home improvements and remodel.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
4.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$25,000
Linda L.
10/2013
5.0
remodeling, home remodeling
+ 0 more
It went well the guys and gal were all very nice and professional. The day they tore out the cabinet, sinks, tub and tile a truck was here to haul it off so it did not sit in my yard or driveway! That was extremely nice for me. They cleaned up their trash on a daily basis and took it with them. I was always informed of the time they would arrive they let me know when they were going to lunch and when they were leaving for the day. They put down plastic on the carpeting from the front door to the master bath so they wouldn't track alot of dirt on the carpet. They put it down on Mondays and pulled it backup on Fridays. They also put a plastic door cover going into the bathroom to keep down the dust and dirt in the other parts of the house! They did an excellent job of drawing pictures of exactly how things should look before we started since I am a visual person this was extremely helpful. They paid a lot of atttention to detail and just did an excellent job! An excellent company to work with.
Description of Work: A complete remodel of Master Bath and sheetrock in living room.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
5.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$26,750
Anthony K.
09/2013
5.0
house painters, remodeling, picture framing, siding
+ 2 more
From the start, Jeff was very responsive. Everything went along as planned and everything looked great. The workers were very professional and it couldn't have went better
Description of Work: Replaced 3 pieces of siding along with correcting framing damage inside caused by carpenter ants. All siding was replace and painted and looks great
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
5.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$1,500
Timmy L.
09/2013
5.0
decks, remodeling
+ 0 more
In late April Jeff Szymanski responded quickly to my initial request for an estimate. He arrived on time, listened to my ideas and concerns and made good suggestions based on listening to me. He designed the replacement sunshade and provided a detailed estimate in a timely manner. I was very pleased with Jeff and his estimate was only slightly higher than that of another provider, that I had used for a previous project, from whom I had also requested an estimate. I chose to use the other provider in early May. There were understandable weather delays in May and June but by late August, with no sign the other provider would begin the project soon, I cancelled that provider and contacted Brackman. Jeff was quick to respond again, he honored his original estimate (though I indicated I didn't expect him to) and was out with his forman Roger Rumans to re-familiarize himself with my project within a couple of days. During that discussion we added staining the sunshade to the project and Jeff quickly provided a revised estimate. Within two weeks Roger contacted me to set the start date. Roger, Dave and part of the crew showed up as agreed with materials and within 90 minutes had removed the old sunshade. At the same time they had moved the wisteria that completely covered the entire top of the sunshade and cut it back saving enough foliage that the plant will be able to survive. The full crew was back the next day stained all of the 2X2s that would go on top and had the basic structure up. They returned the next day, Saturday, and finished the rest of the structure and were able to stain most of it. There was rain on Monday and they needed Tuesday to let the structure dry so they could complete the staining and finish up on Wednesday. They did a final clean up and removed all debris, there wasn?t even a cigarette butt remaining anywhere. The last thing they did was to spread the wisteria back on the top of the new sunshade and anchor it so it will re-grow next season. Everyone we dealt with was friendly, professional, and efficient. I highly recommend Brackman and will be asking for an estimate on our fence replacement next summer.
Description of Work: Brackman removed and replaced the sunshade (pergola) over our patio.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
5.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$12,000
Michael J.
09/2013
5.0
remodeling
+ -1 more
Very professional, bid included computer generated list that let you know just what was being included. Haven't decided what to do on the project yet but I wanted to provide this review anyway.
Description of Work: Bid oh remodel project. Work not completed yet by anybody.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
4.0
value
3.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$50,000
Response from Brackmann Construction Inc
Thank you for taking the time to submit a review on our company. We look forward to working with you in the future.
Clyde H.
03/2013
5.0
decks, house painters, remodeling, siding
+ 2 more
We had a great experience from bid to installation. They are very professional.
Description of Work: We had significant storm damage. They resided our house, painted, repaired screen porch, etc. We used a second time to repair storm damage from a second storm a year later. They are great and we will use them again when needed.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
5.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$20,000
Douglas P.
03/2013
5.0
decks, remodeling
+ 0 more
I had 8 or 9 estimates for this job, most of which, came from Angie's list. The estimates ranged from, to good to be true, to expensive. I quickly narrowed the field down to 3 players. As a homeowner who was getting ready to spend several thousand dollars, it's difficult to pick which contractor will deliver what they promise. During the bid process, they are all nice and will promise anything to get the job. When Mr. Brackmann presented his bid, I got a feeling of someone that tells the truth and not just what I wanted to hear. I didn't mind paying for quality, but just because you pay for it doesn't always mean you'll get it. I'm not a carpenter, but I know enough to know when someone is blowing smoke and when they are shooting straight on this type of job. Everything Mr. Brackmann said rang true and I decided to give him the job. He was by no means the cheapest, but he impressed me that I would get the quality that I wanted, should he get the job. I asked him if he used sub contractors and he said that he did, but also said that they were people with whom he's had long term relationships. As it turned out, Mr. Brackmann did use subs on my job. You would have never known it. They guys were professional, courteous, always on time, and did a marvelous job. Again, Mr. Brackmann was not the cheapest bid by far, but that being said, the money was well spent in that I got a quality job and I had a sense that I actually got what I paid for. I would definitely use Brackmann Construction again for a major project around my house.
Description of Work: Removal and haul-off of old deck and construction of new deck.
They were very quick to complete temporary repairs while I was out of town and my wife was home alone. Due to the amount of claims in the area it took a while to get the repairs completed but after they were complete the repairs looked great. The only other issue was the amount of trash left around the yard after the roofers were done.
Description of Work: Tree fell and went thru the roof and caused damage to the roof and interior ceiling. They did all of the repairs and completed temporary repairs to prevent additional damage.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
5.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
4.0
punctuality
4.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$1,000
Sam A.
10/2012
5.0
deck cleaning, decks
+ 0 more
From Start to Finish I could not have been happier with the work of the Brackman crew. They made sure to check with us
Description of Work: We had a lower deck that collapsed under the weight of a portable pool that we had on it. State Farm did our estimate, and gave me the contact info for Brackman Construction when I asked if they had anyone that they might suggest. I could not have been happier that I called and decided to use them. Jeff came out to do an estimate for me. He told me that he would have it back to me within 48 hours, which he did via email. It was very concise in detail. There were a few things that were different from the actual State Farm estimate, so we set up for the 2 of them to meet back at the house. They stopped by later that week, worked out the details, State Farm cut me a check for the difference, and off we went. Jeff brought out to the house over the next few days the project manager that would be in charge of the crew doing my repair. He, in detail, told me what to expect, and then asked if I had any questions. Very thorough. The repair crew arrived on the date penciled in and began repairs. One of the things that Jeff included in the bid was to have my upper deck brought up to code as they rebuilt the lower deck, something that State Farm paid for in our claim. Every phase of work was done to the highest of standards. The City of Liberty Inspector was happy with the work during each of his check-ins. At the conclusion, the City of Liberty Inspector made it clear that the job was done quite well, and we should be very pleased.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
5.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$10,000
Waltraud B.
03/2012
5.0
remodeling, interior painters, replacement windows
+ 1 more
The experience went well. There was one snag with the window replacement. The window company sent the wrong size on one of the windows. They installed the one that was right and put a rush order on the one that was wrong. They promptly came out when the window came in and replaced it. The workers were friendly and on time and cleaned up their mess.
Description of Work: Bill removed popcorn ceiling from my mothers house due to a leak. They sprayed popcorn back on the ceiling and looked great. My son also had a leak from an upstairs bathroom into the kitchen and had to tear out some of the ceiling and had plumbing work done. Bill had his people come in and repair the hole in the ceiling. They scraped all the popcorn off and resprayed the whole kitchen ceiling. He also had two rotted windows replaced.
Great! Very professional and courteous. Price was little high, but for the speed and quality work, I can live with it.
Description of Work: Repair termite & water damaged wood, drywall, insulation.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
3.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$3,000
Jim & Deb S.
12/2010
5.0
remodeling, replacement windows
+ 0 more
Not applicable. We did not pursue our remodel.
Description of Work: Bill Brackman was very professional and prompt with his response to my request for an estimate. His information was detailed and complete and his price seemed very reasonable. Bill's questions and suggestions showed he is knowledgeable and concerned about the whole job, not just what is visible. I appreciated his recommendations regarding electrical and structural issues - not just the look of the finished product. Our plans changed and we did not do the remodel.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
value
4.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
Patricia J.
12/2010
5.0
remodeling, home remodeling
+ 0 more
Everything worked out well, we don't have any complaints about them. Their work was very good, they did exactly what we wanted and everything held up real well and they are very professional. We thought the price was fair.
Description of Work: Brackmann Construction built a bathroom for us.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
5.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
LLOYD C.
03/2010
5.0
replacement windows
+ -1 more
They did a really nice job, my husband and I were both very pleased. There were a few minor issues afterwards that I called them about and they were very good about coming out and addressing them. The price was fine.
Description of Work: Brackmann Construction removed all the carpets in the house and refinished the oak floors. They also redid the bathroom, tiled the floor, put in a new sink and also put up a metal shed in the back yard. They installed a bay window in the living room.
Rating Category
Rating out of 5
quality
5.0
value
5.0
professionalism
5.0
responsiveness
5.0
punctuality
5.0
Yes, I recommend this pro
$25,000
Carol S.
11/2009
5.0
remodeling
+ -1 more
They are very professional and communicate very well. All the crew members respond back to me quickly and address my concerns in a timely manner. Their pricing is reasonable and their quality of work has been good so far.
Description of Work: They are currently remodeling my house.
The crew showed up right on time every day, everyone was very professional and pleasant to have around. Bill checked progress constantly, kept us informed, asked us about details and told us options. Everything went very smoothly. I would work with this company again anytime.
Description of Work: Bill's Company enclosed a small porch, removed 2 interior walls, installed a new window and moved gas line for the stove. Project included upgrading electrical and plumbing, wiring and installing new lighting, matching existing hardware floor and woodwork in a 90+ year old house.
All statements concerning insurance, licenses, and bonds are informational only, and are self-reported. Since insurance, licenses and bonds can expire and can be cancelled, homeowners should always check such information for themselves. To find more licensing information for your state, visit our State Contractor License Requirements page.
*Contact business to see additional licenses.
Service Categories
General Remodeling,
Kitchen and Bath Remodeling,
Interior Painting,
Finished Carpentry and Woodworking,
Lighting,
Electrical,
Drywall,
Decks and Porches,
Doors,
Windows,
Ceramic Tile,
Plumbing
FAQ
Brackmann Construction Inc is currently rated 4.8 overall out of 5.
Monday: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Tuesday: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Wednesday: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Thursday: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Friday: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Brackmann Construction Inc accepts the following forms of payment: American Express,Check,Discover,MasterCard,Visa
Yes, Brackmann Construction Inc offers free project estimates.
Yes, Brackmann Construction Inc offers eco-friendly accreditations.
No, Brackmann Construction Inc does not offer a senior discount.
Yes, Brackmann Construction Inc offers emergency services.
Yes, Brackmann Construction Inc offers warranties.
Brackmann Construction Inc offers the following services: Residential & Commercial Building Restoration From Fire, Water, & Other Natural Disasters, Contents Cleaning & Storage, Historic Renovation, Remodeling, Structural Shoring, Building Board Up, Roof Coverings, Temporary Electrical Services, Temporary Heat, Security Fencing, Deodorization, Dehumidification, Water Extraction, Emergency Clothing Cleaning, Lead Removal.